基于Matlab的AHP分析程序设计

层次分析法是目前最为广泛应用的决策方法,但涉及大量的矩阵运算,影响了该方法的推广。Matlab软件精于矩阵运算,与C语言结构类似,移植性强,本研究基于Matlab设计出了便捷高效的AHP计算机程序。     

Characterization of mobile LiDAR data collected with multiple echoes per pulse from crowns during foliation

Abstract

As a state-of-the-art technology for fine-scale forest investigation, mobile terrestrial light detection and ranging (LiDAR), also referred to as mobile laser scanning (MLS), recently has been increasingly exploited to improve its performance on this task. One potential solution is to apply special MLS systems with the capability of collecting multiple echoes per pulse (multi-echoes, for short) from canopies. The methodologies of this rationale turned out to perform better but still insufficiently for canopy properties retrieval, owing to their common defective premise. That is, the knowledge of the characteristics of MLS scan data comprising multi-echoes, so far, is in shortage, especially when regarding the dynamic process of tree foliation. As a pioneering work for this challenge, this study attempted to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of MLS multi-echoes collected from tree crowns during foliation. Specifically, new stable multi-echoes-related features were deduced under the schematic frame of relative quantification, in both spatial and temporal sense. “Relative” here briefly means the division operation deployed on the attributes of multi-echoes, individually in terms of the number of echoes, echo width and crown volume integrity, between their different return orders. Then, the “relative” schematic was primarily validated for more stably representing crown properties during foliation, based on the real data that was collected by the Sensei MLS system with a maximum of three echoes per pulse. Further, a case of tree species classification was examined using a linear discriminant classifier, and it was testified that the resultant temporal statistical rules of multi-echoes as the reverse clues can enhance the performance of MLS in applications.     

Shape and distribution of knots in a sample of picea abies logs

In an attempt to develop a better understanding of the effect of knottiness on the yield of logs for sawn timber products, the present study examines the position and geometrical characteristics of 429 knots found in seven Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) middle logs from southern Finland. The raw data used in this study were in the form of coordinates of points located on the knot surface recorded in a cylindrical (R, L, T) reference frame. The data were smoothed using a non linear three‐dimensional model. A curvature analysis of the knot pith was used to differentiate the curved and straight portions of the knots. This analysis made possible calculation of knot angles, symmetry, ovality and volume. The major finding of this study is the uneven distribution of knots around the log circumference. Nearly 50% of the total knot volume was concentrated in one‐third of the log facing the south‐east. Knots were also more prominent in higher portions of the logs studied. These observations support the argument that the uneven distribution of knots offers potential for improving the grade yield of timber sawn from trees harvested in high‐latitude countries.     

Descriptive field symbols for inped soil macropores

Abstract

A short hand notation for depicting inped soil macropores is presented. By utilizing symbols for macropore diameter, facial shape, pore length, inped shape and pore orientation; it is possible to quickly portray inped field macropores. Circles, ellipses, and triangles of differing dimensions are used to symbolize round, elliptical, and irregular facial shaped pores of different diameters. The pore length and orientation are symbolized by line length and line direction. The inped shapes (spherical, tubular, and elongated) are respectively represented by one line, two parallel lines, or three parallel lines within or intersecting the pore shape symbols. Field application of this methodology saves time and is valuable when numerous inped pores need to be depicted.     

The monotony preserving QO‐spline as a taper curve

A monotony preserving quadratic spline interpolating at a given point set can be constructed by the so‐called QO‐algorithm. The quality of QO‐splines, which are taper curves constructed by using this algorithm, is investigated. A comparison was made using the program of McAllister & Roulier which produces a shape preserving taper curve by using quadratic splines, too. Tests done on a representative sample tree material indicate that the QO‐spline is in general a better taper curve than the one produced by the program of McAllister & Roulier even if the difference may be small in certain cases.     

螺旋榨油机关键设计的探讨

螺旋榨油机作为目前使用最广泛的榨油机械，其具有连续化、单机处理量大等特点，一般应用在高含油料的一次压榨以及预榨工艺中。为此，对螺旋榨油机的关键设计进行了探讨，从物料特性与机械结构相结合的角度讨论了压榨结构的设计过程，主要从物料的压榨特性，榨膛、榨排、榨螺的设计及理论压缩比的确定等方面展开阐述。     

意大利皮埃蒙特肉用牛线性体型评分方法

本文将线性描述的方法用于肉牛性状的评定，从外貌（含６项）、肌肉度（６项）、细致度（２项）及乳房（２项）四个方面为意大利皮埃蒙特肉用牛提供了线性外貌评定的方法。     

Differences in head shape of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.)

Differences in eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), head shape were the result of greater increases in head width, rather than changes in head length. The ratio of head width:total length (HW:TL) increased significantly ( t -test, P < 0.05) from the glass-yellow eel stage. Cultured yellow eels were exclusively narrow headed (mean HW:TL = 0.027, range = 0.023–0.032), while wild yellow eels displayed an array of head shapes (mean HW:TL = 0.033, range = 0.023–0.046). Therefore, broad heads (HW:TL 0.033) occurred only among wild yellow eels sampled and may have resulted from diet. Cultured yellow eels consumed only small pellet material. Of wild yellow eels stomachs containing food, 78% of broad-headed eels consumed large and/or hard-bodied organisms (e.g. beetles, fish, molluscs and Notonecta sp.), while 83% of narrow-headed eels consumed exclusively small/soft-bodied prey (e.g. amphipods and chironomids).     

现代物业小区车辆智能化综合管理系统

给出了一种现代物业小区车辆智能化综合管理系统，由物业管理中心的中央计算机和下层的各个小区服务器构成多级控制的网络化管理系统，怪实现进出车辆的登记识别、计时计费、等多种功能，并提出了一种能有效识别车辆特征的方法。     

不同材料、形状和空隙的人工参礁对刺参诱集效果的试验研究

采用行为学方法,对体长2～7 cm、体质量2～30 g的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)在实验室水槽中自然光照下的行为特性进行观察,分别记录了刺参在水槽中无礁（对照组）和有礁区域的分布情况,并分析了不同形状、材料及距水槽底部不同空隙的人工参礁对刺参的诱集效果.实验观察发现,刺参在水槽中有明显的爬壁现...